Table 1 Incidence sites and clinical characteristics of ectopic prostate tissue

Genitourinary

 Anterior bladder wall [13]

M

59

Huang et al., 2023

1.0 × 1.0

N/A

Asymptomatic

TUR

EPT

 Trigone of bladder [2]

M

37

Sun et al., 2023

1.6 × 1.8

1.4 × 1.5

Normal

Hematuria

TUR

EPT

 Posterior bladder wall [14]

M

18

Gupta et al.,2022

1.0 × 0.9

Normal

Abdominalgia,dysuria

TUR

EPT

 Bladder neck [15]

M

44

Zhou et al., 2020

2.0 × 2.0

N/A

Palpitation during urination

TUR

EPPC

 Internal urethral orifice [16]

M

15

Zhu et al., 2019

1.4 × 1.3

N/A

Dysuria

TUR

EPT

 Bladder dome [17]

M

68

Munde et al., 2017

3.0 × 2.0

N/A

Hematuria, abdominalgia

Autopsy

EPT

 Ureteral [5]

M

60

Vincenzo et al., 2016

1.7

N/A

Abdominalgia, fever, nausea

Biopsy

EPT

 Epididymis [18]

M

64

Lee et al., 2004

N/A

N/A

Undescended testicles

SS

EPT

 Testis [19]

M

59

Milburn et al., 1994

0.5

Normal

Asymptomatic

SS

EPT

 Seminal vesicle [4]

M

80

Somwaru et al., 2016

1.5 × 1.2

13.1

PSA elevation

Biopsy

EPT

 Bulb of urethra [20]

M

60

Heyderman et al., 1987

N/A

N/A

LUTS

Biopsy

EPT

 Penile urethra [21]

M

16

Congleton et al., 1989

N/A

N/A

Hematuria

Biopsy

EPT

Extragenitourinary

 Sigmoid colon [9]

M

33

Zhang et al., 2023

4.6 × 3.2

N/A

Abdominalgia

ESR

EPT

 Pelvic cavity [22]

M

60

Jeong et al., 2022

14 × 10/3.3 × 2.5

12.18

Asymptomatic

PMRS

EPAC/EPT

 Retrovesical pace [23]

M

73

Tan et al., 2012

8.5 × 8.0

24.66

Dysuria

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Paracolic gutter [24]

M

73

Ahn et al., 2020

1.7

N/A

Asymptomatic

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Small intestine [7]

M

79

Franchini et al., 2018

N/A

11.4

Abdominalgia, abdominal distension

SIR

EPT

 Rectum [25]

M

81

Dai et al., 2013

1.0

2.38

Rectal bleeding

COR

EPT

 Spine [26]

M

57

Kalsi et al., 2011

N/A

N/A

Nocturia, urinary incontinence

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Processus vaginalis [27]

M

11

VanBeek et al., 2005

N/A

N/A

Scrotal mass

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Anal canal [28]

M

59

Tekin et al., 2002

2.5

N/A

Rectal bleeding

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Presacral [29]

M

78

Fulton et al., 2001

2.5 × 2.3

0.8

Intestinal obstruction

Tumorectomy

EPT

 Perineum [30]

M

72

Hanna et al., 2020

N/A

7.0

Urinary retention, PSA elevation

biopsy

EPT

 Ureterosigmoid anastomosis [31]

M

64

Martland et al., 2007

2.0

N/A

Subacute ureteral obstruction

SS

EPT

 Spleen [6]

M

49

Vogel et al., 1996

N/A

N/A

Asymptomatic

Autopsy

EPT

Female

 Cervix [10]

F

34

Tschaidse et al., 2022

N/A

0.013

Hyperandrogenism

CC

EPT

 Vaginal [11]

F

75

Roy et al., 2021

N/A

N/A

Polyps or nodules

Polypectomy

EPT

 Ovary [12]

F

20

Sahin et al., 2016

4.0 × 3.5

N/A

Abdominalgia

Tumorectomy

EPT

Adenocarcinoma

 Retrovesical space [32]

M

68

Tolkach et al., 2017

4.0

2.48

Asymptomatic

Tumorectomy

EPAC

 Bladder dome [33]

M

70

Backhouse et al., 2014

N/A

5.67

Asymptomatic

biopsy

EPAC

 Pelvic cavity [34]

M

71

Lu et al., 2019

12.0 × 10.7

44.48

Abdominal mass, urinary retention

Tumorectomy

EPAC