Iron rod-induced perforating head injury of the posterior cranial fossa: a case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Summaries of perforating head injuries from 1848 to 2022

Study	Year	Age/sex	Entrance–exit sites	Foreign body	Direction of foreign object removal	Complication	Outcome
Harlow et al. [15]	1848	25/M	Left subzygomatic region–left frontal region	Iron rod	Not mentioned	Seizures	Death after 12 years
Abarca-Olivas et al. [11]	2011	34/M	Submental region–right coronal suture	Speargun	Anterograde	None	Good recovery
Arslan et al. [10]	2012	13/M	Right orbit–left occipital bone	Metal bar	Retrograde	Cerebral edema, unconscious	Death after 10 days
Williams et al. [13]	2014	56/M	Left submandibular region–left temporoparietal region	Speargun	Anteriograde	Cerebritis	Death after 33 days
Li et al. [8]	2017	34/M	Mandibular area–right frontal bone	Steel bar	Not mentioned	None	Right-eye blindness
Li et al. [8]	2017	22/M	Right parietal bone–oral cavity	Steel bar	Not mentioned	Abscess	Good recovery
Diyora et al. [9]	2018	27/M	Frontal region–occipital region	Iron rod	Anterograde	None	Visual impairment
Lan et al. [7]	2018	25/M	Oral cavity–occipital bone	Metal rod	Retrograde	None	Good recovery
Pandey et al. [14]	2018	5/M	Behind left coronal fissure–left lambdoidal fissure	Steel bar	Not mentioned	None	Good recovery
Diyora et al. [12]	2022	24/M	Right upper neck–parietal region	Iron rod	Retrograde	Voice hoarseness, lobar pneumonia, loss of consciousness	Death after 30 days
Present case	2021	18/M	Left lateral neck–right occipital region	Iron rod	Retrograde	None	Good recovery

ISSN: 1752-1947